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|image=Hua Guofeng-1.jpg |imagesize=180px |caption=Hua Guofeng during his visit to Romania in 1978 |nationality=Chinese |office=Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China |deputy=Ye Jianying Deng Xiaoping |term_start=7 October 1976 |term_end=28 June 1981 |leader=Himself Deng Xiaoping |predecessor=Mao Zedong |successor=Hu Yaobang |office1=Premier of the People's Republic of China |deputy1=Deng Xiaoping |term_start1=4 February 1976 |term_end1=September 1980 |leader1=Mao Zedong Himself Deng Xiaoping |predecessor1=Zhou Enlai |successor1=Zhao Ziyang |office2=Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission |term_start2=6 October 1976 |term_end2=28 June 1981 |leader2=Himself Deng Xiaoping |predecessor2=Mao Zedong |successor2=Deng Xiaoping |office3 = First Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China |term_start3 = 7 April 1976 |term_end3 = 7 October 1976 |1blankname3 = Chairman |1namedata3 = Mao Zedong |birth_date = |birth_place = Jiaocheng County, Shanxi, China |death_date = |death_place = Beijing, China |children = Su Hua Su Bin Su Ling Su Li |spouse = Han Zhijun () |party = Communist Party of China |signature = Hua Guofeng Signature.svg }} Su Zhu (16 February 1921 – 20 August 2008), better known by the ''nom de guerre'' Hua Guofeng, was Mao Zedong's designated successor as the paramount leader and Premier of China, also the Chairman of the Communist Party of China. A regional official in Hunan between 1949 and 1971, he became the head of the party leadership in the province during the latter stages of the Cultural Revolution. Hua was elevated to the national stage in early 1976, and was known for his loyalty to Mao. Upon Zhou Enlai's death in January 1976, Hua succeeded Zhou as Premier of the People's Republic of China and First Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China. After Mao's death, Hua took on the titles of Chairman of the Communist Party of China and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, to the surprise and dismay of Jiang Qing and the rest of the Gang of Four. Hua is the only leader to have simultaneously held the offices of party leader, premier and CMC chairman, although subsequent leaders have held the offices of party leader, CMC chairman, and president. On 6 October 1976, Hua brought the Cultural Revolution to an end and ousted the Gang of Four from political power by arranging for their arrests in Beijing. He attempted moderate reforms and reversing some of the excesses of Cultural Revolution-era policies. However, because of his insistence on continuing the Maoist line, he was himself outmaneuvered in December 1978 by Deng Xiaoping, a pragmatic reformer, who forced Hua into early retirement. As Hua faded into political obscurity, he continued to insist on the correctness of Maoist principles. He is remembered as a largely benign transitional figure in modern Chinese political history. ==Early life== Born in Jiaocheng County, Shanxi province, Hua joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1938 as a part of counter-Japanese resistance, after having joined the Long March in 1936.〔Palmowski, Jan: "Hua Guofeng" in ''A Dictionary of Contemporary World History''. Oxford University Press, 2004.〕 Like many Communists of the era who took on revolutionary names, he changed his name to Huá Guófēng as an abbreviation of " Zhōnghuá kàngrì jiùguó xiānfēng duì" (中華抗日救國先鋒隊, Chinese Vanguard of Resistance against Japan and National Salvation). After having served in the 8th Route Army during 12 years under General Zhu De's command,〔 he became propaganda chief for the county Party committee in 1947. Hua moved with the PLA to Hunan in 1949, where he married Han Zhijun in January, and remained there as a local official until 1971. He was appointed Party secretary for Xiangyin County in August, just before the establishment of the People's Republic of China. In 1952, he was appointed secretary of Xiangtan Special District, which included Mao's hometown, Shaoshan. In this role, he built a memorial hall dedicated to Mao. When Mao visited the site, in June 1959, he was favorably impressed.〔Wang, James C.F., ''Contemporary Chinese Politics: An Introduction'' (Prentice-Hall, New Jersey: 1980), p. 36.〕 Mao Zedong first met Hua in 1955, and apparently was impressed by his simplicity. Hua participated in the 1959 Lushan Conference (an enlarged plenary session of the CPC Central Committee) as a member of the Hunan Provincial Party delegation, and wrote two investigative reports defending communes and the Great Leap Forward. Hua's influence increased with the Cultural Revolution, as he supported it and led the movement in Hunan. He organized the preparation for the establishment of the local Revolutionary Committee in 1967, of which he was a deputy chairman, and gained wide attention for suppressing a hard-line extremist faction. In December 1970, he was elected new chairman of the Revolutionary Committee as well as first secretary of the CPC Hunan Committee. He was elected a full member of the 9th Central Committee in 1969. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hua Guofeng」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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